n‐Doping of a Low‐Electron‐Affinity Polymer Used as an Electron‐Transport Layer in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Multi-layer organic light-emitting diodes processed from solution using phosphorescent dendrimers in a polymer host

A uniform dispersion of highly soluble phosphorescent dendrimer emitters is achieved by blending with a polymer host poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) containing N,N0-diphenyl-N, N0-(bis(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,40-diamine (TPD) and 2-(4-biphen-40-yl)-5-(4tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD). No visible aggregation or self-quenching was observed for guest-to-host weight ratios of up to 3...

Effect of Seed Layer on the Morphology of ‎Zinc Oxide Nanorods as an Electron ‎Transport Layer in Polymer Solar Cells ‎

   Zinc oxide has been considered as a promising semiconductor material for fabrication of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), electronic devices, optoelectronics, and solar cells. Among the various morphologies of zinc oxide, nanorods are more widely used because of the ease of synthesis and providing a direct path for the transport of charge carriers. The electrochemical deposi...

Highly Directional Emission and Beam Steering from Organic LightEmitting Diodes with a Substrate Diffractive Optical Element

In planar OLED structures, a signifi cant fraction of the internal light emission is trapped in guided modes. This trapped light is a major limitation on the external quantum effi ciency, and a number of studies have integrated photonic microstructures into OLEDs to improve the device effi ciency by extracting trapped light such as the substrate modes, [ 3 ] the waveguide modes [ 4 ] and the su...

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with F16CuPC as an Efficient Hole-Injection Layer

We report a new hole-injection material, copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPC) for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) consisting of N,N’-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N’-diphenylbenzidine (α-NPD) as a hole-transport layer and 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) as a light-emitting and electron-transport layer. The insertion of the F16CuPC between indium-tin oxide (ITO) and α-NPD reduces the o...

Randomly nano-structured scattering layer as an internal light-extracting layer for transparent organic light emitting diodes